In crop improvement programmes, virus free clones can be obtained through

Options

(a) embryo culture
(b) shoot apex culture
(c) grafting
(d) hybridization

Correct Answer:

shoot apex culture

Explanation:

Apical meristems or shoot tip meristems are always free of viral infections, therefore, for virus-free cultures shoot tips are preferred in tissue culture. For studying the viral effects on plants, shoot apex should be excluded.